How to Move Beyond "You're Either With or Against Us"
Leadership
May 12, 2016
Jane Perdue
Executive Director, The Jane Group
Topics
Heterogeneity, Reflective Thinking, Tolerance for Ambiguity“Remove people from your life whose beliefs, ideas, and values aren’t aligned with yours. Make no compromises here.” Wow. That passage from a book a local businessman had written and asked me to read stopped me cold.
As that position was opposite from mine, I wanted to explore his view in more detail. From his perspective, however, there was nothing to discuss. So, true to his beliefs, he removed me from his life because I was unwilling to accept the rightness of his position.
In scanning the business and political horizon, I see too much of this exclusionary polarization happening: the proverbial wagons are circled within a “tribe” of believers. Once circled, everything is reduced to black and white or right and wrong, and it’s either “you’re with us or against us.”
“The human capacity to injure other people is very great precisely because our capacity to imagine other people is very small.” ~Elaine Scarry, Teaching for a Tolerant World
Uniformity and conformity are comforting. We know what to expect. We know where the true, right, and proper boundaries are because we’ve defined them. However, given that we all have our own definition of reality and individual way of sense-making, expecting or demanding homogeneity in a highly connected world full of big differences feels unfeasible. Doesn't such an orientation promotes discord, not unity?
Different ways in which we believe
Shouldn’t heterogeneity be the new normal? Increased interaction and connection shine a brighter light on the many realms in which our thinking can be different:
- Moral beliefs—our code of conduct for welfare and justice in how we treat one another
- Conventional beliefs—our expectations for appropriate behavior
- Psychological beliefs—our understanding of ourselves and others
- Metaphysical beliefs—our faith and spiritual views
In our empty nest home of two, hubby and I bring yin and yang to most everything we do. While there’s the occasional conflict, we’ve come to love the serendipity associated with differing thoughts, opinions, perspectives, and preferences. Perhaps my hope is naive, but I'd love to see the balance we've worked out practiced on a larger scale.
In a world populated with 7.4 billion people and as many opinions, wouldn't a more realistic expectation would be to anticipate a smorgasbord of differences rather than uniformity? As technology has reduced the six degrees of separation to four, I’d love to see intolerance for differences replaced with respect and acknowledgment.
Moving from homogeneity to heterogeneity
To appreciate differences and avoid the blind spots, prejudice, and hate that can accompany polarization, it’s necessary to replace our paradigm of homogeneity with heterogeneity and move from preferring sameness to accepting difference. Making that move requires determination, resilience, and grace. Because what we believe to be true might not be so, there are two tools we can use to keep our minds and hearts open.
One is reflective thinking. Educator John Dewey introduced the concept in 1910 and defined it as the “active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it and the further conclusion to which it tends.” Reflective thinking is a form of critical thinking in which we think about our thinking. It involves evaluating our thought processes and what happened, looking to assure that we’ve moved the unexamined to the examined, i.e., did we let assumptions, pre-conceived beliefs, or stereotypes unconsciously color our decisions? Without reflective thinking, we can fancy ourselves being tolerant yet still be prejudiced.
The other is building a tolerance for ambiguity. Lest we inadvertently fall victim to confirmation bias and narrow mindedness, we need to nurture our capacity to accept deviation and uncertainty in what we define and believe to be the truth. Building this thinking and acting muscle requires a willingness to forfeit a measure of certainty and control. Because sometimes there is more than one right answer, objectivity in assessing if our values about what ought to be are in conflict with the facts comes in handy. We want to be skilled in both doubting and believing. (If you want to assess your tolerance for ambiguity, here’s a questionnaire for doing so.)
Sadly, I’ll never know what motivated that businessman to adopt his position and defend it so fiercely. Was it dogma? Bigotry? Fear? His polarized view and refusal to engage only leaves me guessing.
If I had enough pixie dust, I’d spread it across the world and enable people to replace their fear of not knowing or being right with unconditional positive regard for themselves and others.
“At the end of the day, we are all different and it comes down to unconditional love and acceptance.” ~Lenny Kravitz, singer-songwriter
I’d tell them that holding unconditional regard doesn’t require that they accept someone’s differing viewpoint, but simply that they acknowledge without judgment everyone’s right to believe and think differently. Kind of a golden rule about thinking, doing, and being that makes room for everyone.
“holding unconditional regard doesn’t require that they accept someone’s differing viewpoint, but simply that they acknowledge without judgment everyone’s right to believe and think differently.” Such a great statement! Wish everyone could grasp that concept.
Michele — smiles and thanks for your kind words! You and I are on the same page in our hope for the world!
Hi, Jane – excellent post where you focus on what may be one of the most critical thinking skills of our times.
You have built a strong case for avoiding the tendency to move away from disagreement and even conflict by learning to live with and learn from those who believe differently.
I immediately thought of the current partisan divisions that exist in our political, cultural, and social arenas. We are growing apart, rather than coming together, and we are our own worst enemies in this regard. We hunker down and only engage with those who believe as we do, who share our beliefs and assumptions about right and wrong, good and bad, and so forth.
This is one of the most powerful enemies of the ability to think critically. We have to be able to consider different points of view and come to our own well-researched and thought-out position, rather than simply adopt a POV and isolate ourselves from further reflection.
Your points, links, and quotes are all great and I am stealing them without a second thought. In payment, I’ll add this quotation to the discussion:
“The test of a first-rate intelligence is the ability to hold two opposing ideas in mind at the same time and still retain the ability to function.” (F. Scott Fitzgeral).
While we now have a different understanding of both intelligence and thinking, Fitzgerald correctly notes the importance of considering more than one point of view.
Of course, to actively and objectively seek out and reflect on different ways to think about a thing is hard work and has been known to give some folks headaches. This may be related to muscle pain when you start exercising again after a long layoff:)
Loved this post – will share and may comment further on it:)
John
John,
Steal away…am honored that you would do so!
This whole concept of acknowledging while rising above differences calls to me. The schisms it’s causing in our world cry out for solutions, but sometimes I wonder if anyone would be interested in those solutions or if the “tribal” mindset holds the top spot. This year’s presidential election is going to be a doozy in this regard, I believe.
Smiles,
Jane
Second Thought:
I also hear regularly that we should remove toxic people from our lives, which I completely agree with.
I think an important distinction here is that the person in your story was saying to eliminate people who disagree with you, which can happen without ANY dysfunction or toxic behavior.
We can engage with others and disagree over values, beliefs, assumptions, and interpretations, while still maintaining open and cordial communications, mutual respect, and listening without necessarily agreeing with or supporting another’s ideas.
We can live with each other without agreeing with each other, but when we go to our corners, our lives are diminished, except in the case mentioned above of toxic behavior.
John
Understand your point completely. However, here’s the rub for me…shouldn’t it be the toxic ones that we challenge the most??? Do they “win” if we don’t???
Wow, this is a great and truthful article. This is why many minorities have issues in Corporate America because the big Wigs who haven’t a clue about our people but want to market to them refuse to have an open mind and see things differently. It is their way or the highway. So, so sad, yet I am so happy that you felt a need to address, but all too often nothing is ever done about it because their flock idolize them as if they are some type of God.
Kay, I feel your pain and struggle as well with where to take this. The “isms” that divide us keep dividing us more and more. Thank you for sharing….much appreciated!